Windows Networking Commands (IP Address, DNS, Routing, Connectivity)

 

Windows Networking Commands (IP Address, DNS, Routing, Connectivity)

These are the most important networking commands used by Windows Administrators, SREs, SharePoint Administrators, System Engineers, and Infrastructure Teams.

 

1. View IP Address

CMD

ipconfig

PowerShell

Get-NetIPAddress

Output:

IPv4 Address : 10.10.10.25
Subnet Mask  : 255.255.255.0
Gateway      : 10.10.10.1

 

2. Detailed IP Configuration

ipconfig /all

Shows:

• IP Address
• MAC Address
• DNS Servers
• DHCP Server
• Lease Information
• Gateway

Real-Time Use

Checking SharePoint server network configuration.

 

3. Release Current IP

ipconfig /release

Used when DHCP-assigned IP needs renewal.

 

4. Renew IP Address

ipconfig /renew

Obtains new IP from DHCP.

 

5. Flush DNS Cache

ipconfig /flushdns

Real-Time Scenario

After DNS changes:

ipconfig /flushdns

Removes stale DNS records.

 

6. Register DNS

ipconfig /registerdns

Updates computer DNS registration.

 

7. Display DNS Cache

ipconfig /displaydns

Shows cached DNS entries.

 

8. Test Connectivity (Ping)

ping google.com

ping 8.8.8.8

Continuous Ping

ping -t google.com

Stop using:

CTRL + C

 

9. Check DNS Resolution

nslookup google.com

Output:

Server:  dns.company.com
Address: 10.10.10.10

Name: google.com
Address: 142.250.x.x

 

10. Advanced DNS Lookup

nslookup

Interactive mode:

set type=mx
google.com

 

11. Trace Network Route

tracert google.com

Shows:

• Every network hop
• Router path
• Latency

Real-Time Scenario

Investigating SharePoint access delays.

 

12. PathPing

Combines Ping + Tracert.

pathping google.com

Shows packet loss per hop.

 

13. Display Routing Table

route print

Example:

Network Destination
0.0.0.0
10.10.10.0
192.168.1.0

 

14. Add Static Route

route add 192.168.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.1

 

15. Delete Route

route delete 192.168.10.0

 

16. View ARP Table

arp -a

Shows:

IP Address
MAC Address

 

17. Clear ARP Cache

arp -d *

 

18. View Network Connections

netstat

 

19. Active Connections

netstat -an

Shows:

Local Address
Foreign Address
Port
State

 

20. Find Listening Ports

netstat -ano

Example:

TCP 0.0.0.0:80 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:443 LISTENING

 

21. Find Process Using Port

netstat -ano | findstr 443

Then:

tasklist | findstr PID

 

22. View Network Adapters

CMD

getmac

PowerShell

Get-NetAdapter

 

23. View Network Configuration

Get-NetIPConfiguration

 

24. Test Port Connectivity

PowerShell

Test-NetConnection google.com -Port 443

Output:

TcpTestSucceeded : True

Real-Time Scenario

Verify SharePoint SQL connectivity.

Test-NetConnection SQLSERVER -Port 1433

 

25. Check Open Ports

Get-NetTCPConnection

 

26. Display DNS Servers

Get-DnsClientServerAddress

 

27. Resolve DNS

Resolve-DnsName google.com

 

28. Check Network Interface Statistics

Get-NetAdapterStatistics

 

29. View Routing Table (PowerShell)

Get-NetRoute

 

30. Display TCP/IP Settings

Get-NetIPConfiguration

 

31. Check Firewall Rules

Get-NetFirewallRule

 

32. Verify Website Access

Invoke-WebRequest https://www.microsoft.com

Output:

StatusCode : 200

 

SharePoint Administrator Network Troubleshooting Commands

Check SQL Connectivity

Test-NetConnection SQLSERVER -Port 1433

 

Check SharePoint Web URL

Test-NetConnection sharepoint.company.com -Port 443

 

Check DNS Resolution

nslookup sharepoint.company.com

 

Verify IIS Ports

netstat -ano | findstr :80

netstat -ano | findstr :443

 

Verify Load Balancer VIP

ping sharepoint.company.com

 

Quick Interview Commands (Most Asked)

ipconfig
ipconfig /all
ipconfig /flushdns
ping
nslookup
tracert
pathping
arp -a
route print
netstat -ano

PowerShell

Get-NetIPAddress
Get-NetIPConfiguration
Test-NetConnection
Resolve-DnsName
Get-NetRoute
Get-NetAdapter
Get-NetTCPConnection

These commands cover nearly all day-to-day Windows network troubleshooting tasks, including DNS issues, IP conflicts, SharePoint farm connectivity, SQL Server communication, load balancer troubleshooting, firewall validation, and server health checks.

 

From <https://chatgpt.com/c/6a112c5f-1ee8-8320-a9d7-17dc8316f68a>